ARCHIVED - CNSC Presidents

About 5 billion years ago, the temperature and pressure at the centre of our sun became sufficient to induce nuclear fission. Soon after the formation of the planets about 4.8 billion years ago, Earth melts due to radioactive heating, gravitational collapse and heavy meteorite bombardment. The dense particles sink and the densest of them, including uranium, thorium and any remaining plutonium, collect at the very centre of Earth.

More than 1.5 billion years ago, a nuclear fission reaction takes place in an underground uranium deposit in Oklo, Gabon, Africa. The fission reaction continues – off and on – for hundreds of thousands of years. Eventually, the reaction stops.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen conducts the first "röntgenogram" procedure, which leads to the development of X-ray technology. In the same year, X-ray technology is used for medical purposes for the first time in Canada. Professor John Cox of the Macdonald Physics Laboratory at McGill University in Montreal takes a radiograph of a patient who had been shot in the leg during a street brawl on Christmas Day. Unable to find the bullet by probing, the radiograph enables surgeons to locate exactly where the bullet is embedded.

Antoine Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity of uranium.

At his summer home in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Alexander Graham Bell experiments with the telephone transmission of X-ray signals. Bell would later be the first person to suggest the use of radium to treat cancer.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen wins the first Nobel Prize in Physics for earlier work in recognition of his discovery of the rays subsequently named after him. (Source: Nobel Foundation)

The 1903 Nobel Prize is divided, one half awarded to Antoine Henri Becquerel in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity, the other half jointly to Pierre Curie and Marie Curie (née Sklodowska) in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.

At McGill University, Sir Ernest Rutherford demonstrates that alpha particles are helium atoms and determines their decay series. He coins the term "half-life" and prophetically states, in his book Radio-Activity: "There is reason to believe that an enormous store of latent energy is resident in the atoms of radioactive elements… If it were ever possible to control at will the rate of disintegration of the radioelements, an enormous amount of energy could be obtained from a small quantity of matter.” In 1908, Sir Ernest Rutherford would go on to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in radioactivity.

Explore nearly a century of remarkable research and contributions by the organization that would become the National Research Council of Canada.

The Radium Girls are a group of female factory workers who contract radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with glow-in-the-dark paint at the United States Radium factory in Orange, New Jersey around 1917. The women, who had been told the paint was harmless, ingest deadly amounts of radium by licking their paintbrushes to sharpen them; some also paint their fingernails with the glowing substance. Five of the women challenge their employer in a court case that consequently establishes the right of individual workers who contract occupational diseases to sue their employers.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 is awarded to Frederick Soddy for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and for his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes. (Source: Nobel Foundation)

Located in Ottawa, the work of the ICRP helps to prevent cancer and other diseases and effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation, and to protect the environment.

Canada’s first uranium- and radium-bearing ores are discovered at Port Radium on the shores of Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories. The mine begins operating in 1932–1933. (Source: Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (PWNHC))

Eldorado Gold Mines Ltd. sets up a radium refinery in Port Hope, Ontario (about 100 kilometres east of Toronto) to extract radium from ore concentrate.

Eldorado Gold Mines Ltd. begins mining radium in Port Radium, Northwest Territories. The mine operates until 1940. (Source: Eldorado, Robert Bothwell, pp.4, 75–76)

Dr. George Laurence is one of the world’s first people to demonstrate a nuclear chain reaction, which takes place in Ottawa. He would go on to serve as the AECB’s (later the CNSC) third president between 1961-1970.

Eldorado’s Port Radium mine in the Northwest Territories is reopened as a uranium producer to meet increasing demand from the UK and the U.S. It operates until 1960. (Source: Eldorado, Robert Bothwell, pp. 101–104, 429)

The Montreal Laboratory in Montreal, Quebec was established by the National Research Council of Canada to undertake nuclear research. The laboratory is credited with bringing Canada recognition as a pioneer nation of nuclear energy and creating opportunities for Canadian industry and commerce.

Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, Ltd. (CM&S) produces Canada’s first heavy water (D2O) in Trail, British Columbia. (Source: An Early History of Heavy Water, Chris Waltham)

The Government of Canada nationalizes Eldorado Gold Mines and establishes Eldorado Mining and Refining as a federal Crown Corporation with a monopoly on uranium prospecting and development. (Source: World Nuclear Organization)

Canada’s nuclear age begins at a Combined Policy Committee meeting in Washington, DC, where representatives from Canada, the UK and the U.S. agree that Canada should build a heavy water reactor to produce plutonium from uranium. (Source: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade )

Chalk River, Ontario is selected as the site of the new Canadian nuclear laboratory and research complex. (Source: Legion Magazine)

The United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

Operation of ZEEP (zero energy experimental pile) begins at Chalk River Laboratories. ZEEP is used for physics research and to provide information for the start-up of the National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor.

U.S. President Harry Truman, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee and Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King board the USCGC Sequoia for discussions about the atomic bomb and atomic energy. (Source: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation)

The General Assembly of the United Nations creates the Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC), whose task is to prepare proposals for promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to develop safeguards against the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

General Andrew G.L. McNaughton is appointed the first President of the Atomic Energy Control Board and serves until 1948. He had been commander of the Canadian Forces in England as well as President of the National Research Council from 1935 to 1944. (Source: IEEE Canada)

The Atomic Energy Control Act is proclaimed. Under the Act, the Government of Canada establishes the Atomic Energy Control Board as a regulatory agency to provide for “control and supervision of the development, application and use of atomic energy and to enable Canada to participate effectively in measures of international control of atomic energy.”

Canada's Atomic Energy Control Regulations are published. These enable the AECB to fulfill its mandate under the Atomic Energy Control Act of controlling the development of nuclear energy and restricting disclosure of related information. The Regulations contain no significant references to health and safety, and for the next decade the AECB is mainly involved in approving the use of radioactive materials. (Source: AECB)

The National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor begins operation at Chalk River Laboratories. The world’s most powerful nuclear research reactor at the time, its production of isotopes gives Canada the lead in nuclear medicine. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

Dr. C.J. Mackenzie becomes Atomic Energy Control Board President and serves until October 18, 1961. He was previously President of both Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. and the National Research Council. (Source: AECB)

A plutonium recovery laboratory begins operating at Chalk River Laboratories to extract plutonium isotopes from enriched fuels used in research reactors. (Source: AECB)

The first-ever clinical use of the betatron is used on cancer patients in Canada. The betatron delivers high-dose radiation with minimal damage to overlying skin. In 1951, the first beam therapy units are used to treat cancer. (Source: University of Saskatchewan and the Canadian Nuclear Association)

In October 1957, the world’s first radiotherapy cancer treatment is performed on a cancer patient at London, Ontario’s Victoria Hospital using Eldorado’s cobalt-60 machine. In the same year, cobalt radiotherapy is used again in Saskatoon.

The core of the National Research Experimental reactor at Chalk River Laboratories undergoes a partial meltdown, as the result of an accident involving rupture of some tubes in the calandria, resulting in significant damage that puts it out of service for 14 months. Future U.S. President Jimmy Carter, then a U.S. Navy serviceman, is part of the clean-up crew. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Society)

Eldorado Mining and Refining Ltd. stops its radium refining activities in Port Hope, Ontario. It dismantles its refinery and removes facilities from the site. (Source: Port Hope Area Initiative)

Eldorado Mining and Refining Ltd. begins operating the Beaverlodge Mine in northern Saskatchewan, the first uranium mining operation in Canada after Port Radium, Northwest Territories. (Sources: Eldorado, Robert Bothwell, pp. 302-304; A History of the Atomic Energy Control Board, Gordon H.E. Sims, p. 222)

By 1953, there was a growing significant body of knowledge about nuclear science in Canada and globally. The Atomic Energy Control Board annual report of 1953-54 noted "It is now generally recognized that electric power can be obtained from atomic energy. It also appears probable, even on the basis of present knowledge, that atomic energy may soon be made to compete economically with other sources of power …” In the same year, the United Nations General Assembly proposes an international nuclear agency to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Collaboration between Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Ontario Hydro and Canadian General Electric leads to the development of the CANDU reactor, which is still in use around the world today. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

The National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor in Chalk River resumes operations following implementation of design improvements to both prevent another similar failure that caused the partial meltdown in 1952 and to boost power output from 30 to 40 megawatts.

The Agreement for Co-operation Concerning Civil Uses of Atomic Energy Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America is signed. The agreement enables the exchange of classified and unclassified atomic energy information. It comes into effect in July 1955. (Source: Lexum)

The United Nations holds the first International Conference on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy in Geneva. A unanimous resolution is adopted to establish an international agency to promote the peaceful uses of atomic energy. (Source: International Atomic Energy Agency)

A commercial version of the National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor, the CIRUS, is sold to the Indian government with the intent of peaceful use. India eventually uses the reactor to obtain plutonium for a nuclear test known as Operation Smiling Buddha. (Source: Nucleus: The History of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Robert Bothwell, pp. 355, 429)

The Gunnar and Pronto uranium mines open. (Source: Saskatchewan Research Council)

A 10kWt pool-type reactor is built at Chalk River Laboratories. The pool test reactor operates on 93% enriched uranium aluminum plate-type fuel and is used for burnup measurement of fissile samples from the National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor. (Source: Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.)

The UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) is established to study the amount of radiation people receive from various sources.

The AECB authorizes the construction of a small research reactor at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. This is the first non-government reactor project in Canada.

The International Atomic Energy Agency is established to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to establish and administer safeguards against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. (Source: AECB)

The National Research Universal (NRU) reactor begins operating at Chalk River Laboratories. It is a showcase for Canadian technology on the international stage. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Society)

Canada becomes an associate member of the newly created Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

A fuel rupture and fire occur in the National Research Universal reactor building at Chalk River Laboratories. A major cleanup effort involving many civilian and military personnel is required. Follow-up health monitoring of these workers reveals no adverse impacts. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

The Government of Canada under Prime Minister John Diefenbaker publishes “Continuity of Government,” a framework for the protection and support of key government elements in case of a massive nuclear attack on North America.

Construction begins on Canada’s primary Cold War secret defence facility, known as the Diefenbunker, on the outskirts of Carp, Ontario. Today the Diefenbunker operates as a museum offering public tours of the facility. (Source: Parks Canada)

The Government of Canada and the Atomic Energy Control Board draft regulations establishing a minimum standard of health and safety for the use and handling of y-emitting materials.

The AECB authorizes construction of the Douglas Point reactor.

The McMaster Nuclear Reactor, located at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, begins operating. The reactor is the first university-based research reactor in the British Commonwealth. (Source: McMaster University)

Canada sells a 125-megawatt nuclear reactor to Pakistan.

The Canadian Nuclear Association is established as a non-profit organization to represent the nuclear industry in Canada and to promote the development and growth of nuclear technologies for peaceful purposes.

In 1960, regulatory changes authorize the AECB to establish acceptable levels of radiation exposure for nuclear energy workers and to control their health and safety. In the same year, the AECB is also authorized to make regulations to encourage and regulate the development of atomic energy in view of the increasing use of radioactive isotopes for industrial, research and medical purposes.

The Government of Canada agrees to have defensive nuclear weapons based in Canada under joint Canadian–American custody and control pursuant to the North American Air Defence Agreement (NORAD Agreement). The Department of National Defence consults with the AECB to assure appropriate emergency procedures and measures for health, safety and security are in place.

Construction begins on Canada's first commercial-sized (200 MW) CANDU nuclear power plant, located in Douglas Point, Ontario.

The AECB adopts the magenta-on-yellow trefoil as its universal radiation warning symbol.

Dr. G.C. Laurence becomes President of the Atomic Energy Control Board. He is instrumental in developing a safety philosophy for the design of nuclear reactors in Canada. (Source: AECB)

Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.’s Commercial Products Division introduces the mobile cobalt-60 irradiator. (Source: Isotopes and Innovation, Paul Litt)

The world’s first atomic-powered weather station is installed on Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories, 1,100 km from the North Pole. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Society)

A nuclear attack simulation, named Tocsin B, is broadcast across the country. Civilians listen to instructions at home while federal, provincial, territorial and municipal government officials and cabinet ministers coordinate communications and emergency systems. (Source: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation)

Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s Commercial Products Division develops a radioisotope thermoelectric generator called the MAPLE (Minor Atomic Prolonged-life Energy Source). (Source: Isotopes and Innovation, Paul Litt)

The nuclear crisis reaches its peak when it is reported that missiles are poised to hit targets in North America from a launching pad in Cuba.

Nuclear Power Demonstration (NPD) – the first Canadian nuclear power reactor and the prototype for the CANDU design – begins operating in Rolphton, Ontario. Shortly after, the NPD reactor delivers the first nuclear-generated electricity in Canada to the grid. (Source: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation)

Over the next few years, as military demand declines, the number of mines operating in Canada decreases and uranium exploration wanes, Canada implements a policy of selling uranium for peaceful purposes only.

Deuterium of Canada Ltd. builds the Glace Bay Heavy Water Plant near Sydney, Nova Scotia. The plant experiences several problems that eventually cause the AECB to revoke its licence. (Source: Canada Enters the Nuclear Age, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.)

The Government of Canada establishes the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment (now Whiteshell Laboratories), a nuclear research and development centre near Pinawa, Manitoba, about 100 km northeast of Winnipeg on the east bank of the Winnipeg River.

Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s Commercial Products Division builds Canada's first industrial irradiation plant in St. Hilaire, QC.

The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) introduces an Atomic Energy Merit Badge. It is the 104th in their series of merit badges. In 2005, the badge is renamed the Nuclear Science Energy Badge.

The Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna.

The Nuclear Power Demonstration reactor is successfully refueled at full power, marking the first time in history that a pressurized water power reactor is refueled online.

Canada and India reach two agreements for a 200-MW CANDU reactor in Rajasthan state. The deal is announced in Parliament in November 1963 but had been signed on December 16, 1961. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Society)

The National Research Universal reactor at Chalk River Laboratories, originally designed to use natural uranium, is converted to operate with enriched uranium.

The Gunnar Mine, a uranium mine in northern Saskatchewan, ceases production. It had operated as both an open pit mine and an underground mine since its operations started in 1955.

The Ontario government announces plans to build a large, multi-unit nuclear plant in Pickering.

The Whiteshell Reactor-1 (WR-1) begins operating at Whiteshell Laboratories, demonstrating the feasibility of an organic-cooled CANDU power reactor.

The Douglas Point Nuclear Generating Station begins operating. It is Canada’s first commercial-scale nuclear generating station and a prototype for today’s larger nuclear power plants. In 1967 it begins to feed electricity to the grid, placing Canada on the world map of nuclear energy. In 1968, it is declared fully in service.

The AECB issues start-up and operation approval for the Glace Bay Heavy Water Plant.

Saskatchewan’s Rabbit Lake uranium deposit is discovered by Gulf Minerals Ltd. and the German-owned Uranerz Exploration and Mining Ltd. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

The SLOWPOKE-2 (Safe Low Power Critical Experiment) reactor begins operating at Chalk River Laboratories. Among its functions is to produce isotopes and conduct irradiation testing.

Canada joins 58 nations in signing the international Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

The Atomic Energy Control Board adopts regulations for the transport of radioactive materials.

Construction begins on Bruce A and the Bruce Heavy Water Plant (BHWP). A bulk steam system to deliver steam from Bruce A to BHWP for heavy water production is to be incorporated between the plants. (Source: Bruce Power)

The Atomic Energy Control Board revokes the Glace Bay Heavy Water Plant’s operating licence.

A request is received from Ontario Hydro for authorization to construct a four-unit 3,000-megawatt nuclear power station to be named Bruce Generating Station near the Douglas Point Generating Station on the shores of Lake Huron.

The first pacemaker powered by a nuclear battery is implanted in a patient, in Paris, France. In 1958, Canadian research scientist John Hopps helped develop the first pacemaker implanted in a patient. (Source: Machines in Our Hearts, Kirk Jeffrey)

Chalk River Laboratories begins conducting groundbreaking research on human cell genetics, significantly advancing medical research programs around the world. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

Dr. D.G. Hurst becomes Atomic Energy Control Board President and serves until 1974.

The following year, Canada joins 14 other countries that export nuclear material and equipment form the Zangger Committee, which interprets the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and its provisions for the peaceful use of nuclear material and equipment.

The Nuclear Liability Act receives royal assent. This law is administered by the AECB and imposes absolute liability on the operator; it also provides for compensation to third parties for injuries and damages resulting from any nuclear accident. It is not proclaimed until 1976 due to problems negotiating insurance coverage.

The Gentilly-1 nuclear reactor, a prototype CANDU boiling water reactor, begins operating (“goes critical”) in Bécancour, Quebec. Ultimately the design proves unsuccessful and the reactor records only 180 on-power days over 7 years.

Unit 1 at the Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station begins operating. The station is located in Pickering, Ontario and has four reactors that are all operational by 1973. (Source: Bruce Power)

A construction licence is issued to the University of Toronto for the installation of a SLOWPOKE research reactor.

Unit 1 of the Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station is declared in service. (Source: Bruce Power)

Canada negotiates a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which subjects its nuclear program to inspection. The agreement comes into force in February 1972. Canada would be the first country to sign the agreement in the same year.

Unit 2 at the Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station begins operating.

The Government of Canada announces arrangements with other producing countries for the orderly marketing of uranium.

In partnership with Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., the University of Western Ontario develops a compact microtron accelerator to be used for radiotherapy.

The final reactor (Unit 3) at the Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station begins operating and achieves full power the following month. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Society)

Once Ontario’s Pickering Unit 3 begins operating in 1972, it quickly becomes the world’s largest producer of electrical power.

The Bruce Heavy Water Plant (BHWP) is declared in service and then purchased by Ontario Hydro from Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.

Major changes in the revised AECB Regulations include clarification and amplification of licensing requirements for nuclear facilities.

India explodes a nuclear device, leading the Government of Canada to revise its nuclear export policy.

The Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers in Mines—chaired by Dr. James Ham and commonly known as the Ham Commission—is established in Ontario. The Commission investigates any health and safety matters related to mining, particularly silicosis and lung cancer.

AECL launches molybdenum-99, which is used mainly for imaging in nuclear medicine.

Mining and milling begins at Saskatchewan's Rabbit Lake uranium operation.

The AECB grants the first waste facility operating licence to Ontario Hydro, for the Bruce Nuclear Power Development Site 2 (Radioactive Waste Operations Site (RWOS) 2).

Canada and other nuclear supplier states form the Nuclear Suppliers Group, aiming to prevent nuclear exports for commercial and peaceful purposes from being used for nuclear weapons. The group is created in response to a nuclear test explosion in India, which used Canadian nuclear reactors supplied for peaceful purposes.

Canada’s first Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner is developed and installed at the Montreal Neurological Institute. PET is a nuclear medicine imaging technique, used particularly in cancer therapy, which produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body.

Dr. A.T. Prince becomes President of the AECB and serves until 1978. Dr. Prince, a geologist, had held senior positions in Energy, Mines and Resources and his appointment is seen as a signal of greater involvement of the ministry in nuclear regulation.

Construction begins on the Bruce B Nuclear Generating Station and on Radioactive Waste Operations Site (RWOS) 2, a storage facility for low-level and intermediate-level radioactive wastes that will incorporate a compactor and a hazardous waste incinerator for volume reduction. Waste previously stored at RWOS 1 will be retrieved and processed for storage in the newer facility, which will also look after low and intermediate wastes from other nuclear plants operated by Ontario Hydro.

The AECB directs a large-scale radiation reduction program in the town of Port Hope, Ontario, and more than 100,000 tons of contaminated soil are transferred to a site at Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s Chalk River Laboratories.

Following consultation with uranium producers, unions and regulatory bodies, the AECB issues a directive endorsing a maximum permissible annual occupational exposure to radon daughters of 4 working level months. (Radon daughters are the short-lived radioactive decay products.)

Agreement to sell nuclear reactors signed with Argentina.

Predicting a significant increase in Ontario's nuclear power generation, Bruce Heavy Water Plant A – the world's largest heavy water production plant with a capacity of 700 tons per year – begins operating in order to provide heavy water for power reactors.

The Federal–Provincial Task Force on Radioactivity is set up to coordinate clean-up of radioactive contamination in communities throughout Canada. Major remedial work is intended for the Ontario municipalities of Port Hope, Elliot Lake and Bancroft, as well as Uranium City, Saskatchewan. Search operations take place over an area of some 125,000 square kilometres, necessitating thousands of hours of controlled flying under northern winter conditions.

The Royal Commission – known as the Ham commission after the chair Dr. James Ham – was struck in 1974 to investigate health and safety conditions in mining, particularly silicosis and lung cancer, following a wildcat strike by uranium mine workers in Eliot Lake, Ontario.

The first of 4 nuclear reactors (Unit 2) begins to operate (“goes critical”) at the Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station, with the remaining reactors coming online over the next two years. The station is located in Kincardine, Ontario, about 250 km northwest of Toronto on the shores of Lake Huron.

The Nuclear Liability Act, which had received royal assent on June 26, 1970, comes into force. The AECB administers the Nuclear Liability Act, which places exclusive and absolute liability on operators of nuclear installations for injury or damage caused by nuclear incidents and requires such liability to be covered by insurance.

A second reactor (Unit 1) begins operating at the Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station.

Canada announces that it will supply nuclear materials, equipment and technology to states without nuclear weapons only if they have ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty or other accepted international safeguards that include inspections of their nuclear programs.

Bruce A Unit 1 is declared in service.

Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station’s third reactor (Unit 3) begins operating.

Site approval is granted for a new generating station at Darlington, Ontario. By this time, Canada counts five generating stations in full or partial operation.

The Canadian Safeguards Support Program (CSSP) provides leading-edge technical expertise and equipment research and development to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the purpose of which is to improve international safeguards. The IAEA accepts the CSSP, managed jointly by the Atomic Energy Conrol Board (AECB) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL). When the AECB becomes the CNSC in 2000, the new organization adopts and administers the program.

The AECB begins operating a laboratory at its Ottawa headquarters; later that year the lab is relocated within the city to the Pickering Building. The lab performs instrument calibration and repairs to help monitor the compliance of AECB licensees.

The AECB officially accepts the Ontario limit of 4 working level months per year for uranium mines to radon daughters (or radon progeny). During this time, the regulations are revised to clarify how they apply to uranium mines and mills, which are defined as nuclear facilities that require a licence to operate. The definition of atomic radiation workers is also expanded to include uranium miners.

The USSR nuclear-powered satellite, Cosmos 954, re-enters the atmosphere and spreads radioactive debris over a large area in the Northwest Territories. Intensive search-and-recovery operations begin under the direction of the Department of National Defence. The AECB is responsible for retrieving and handling recovered material and for conducting health and environmental impact assessments.

The AECB opens its first regional office in Mississauga, Ontario, to improve its abilities to inspect licensees’ operations and verify their compliance. Other regional offices are later opened in Calgary, Alberta, and Laval, Quebec.

The Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station’s fourth reactor (Unit 4) begins to operate.

J.H. Jennekens becomes President of the AECB and serves until 1987. He had previously held the position of Director General, Operations Directorate at the AECB. He replaces Dr. A.T. Prince, who retired December 28, 1978.

A uranium orebody discovered in McClean Lake, Saskatchewan.

Bruce A Unit 4 is declared in service.

Equipment failure and human error contribute to an accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The accident is called the worst nuclear accident in U.S. history, although no one is injured.

As part of its commitment to more transparency, the AECB expands its intAs part of its commitment toward greater transparency about its role as Canada’s regulator for the nuclear industry, the AECB expands its interactions with Canadians. During the year, a public access policy is put in place allowing the public to read information about licensing applications. In the new policy, the AECB also commits to work with media when it orders corrective measures for nuclear facilities or when there are significant public or environmental hazards. eractions with the public.

The Cluff Lake facility in northern Saskatchewan is constructed and the mill begins its uranium ore concentration process.

The world's second largest and undeveloped, high-grade uranium deposit—the Cigar Lake deposit—is discovered in Saskatchewan.

During the fiscal year the AECB approves the return to full power of the Douglas Point reactor. This reactor had been restricted to 70% of full power while modifications were made to improve the effectiveness of the emergency cooling system, one of the safety systems.

Building further on its commitment toward greater transparency, the AECB launches a public consultation program, publishing for comment all proposals for new or revised regulations, safety criteria, and regulatory policies and guides.

The AECB Board gives approval for the start of construction of four power reactors at the Darlington site near Bowmanville, Ontario.

The Government of Canada establishes the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office to manage historic waste in the town of Port Hope and across Canada.

Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. establishes its Underground Research Laboratory in Manitoba to study the safe disposal of nuclear fuel waste.

The Point Lepreau Generating Station's reactor begins operating. It is located in Point Lepreau, New Brunswick, about 50 km west of Saint John.

Canada and Indonesia sign a nuclear cooperation agreement.

The Gentilly-2 Nuclear Power Plant’s single nuclear reactor begins to operate in Bécancour, Quebec. In mid-1984, a two-year decommissioning program for the Gentilly-1 nuclear reactor will begin, bringing it to an interim safe and sustainable shutdown state.

The first unit at the Pickering B Nuclear Generating Station begins operating. The station is located in Pickering, Ontario.

CANDU reactors hold seven of the top ten places for lifetime performance worldwide.

At Ontario’s Bruce site, a new Training Centre opens and a new Information Centre for visitors is planned. In 1983, all four Pickering B reactors are in service, and the Point Lepreau Generating Station in New Brunswick and the Gentilly-2 CANDU in Quebec are declared in service.

The AECB publishes Policies and Procedures on Representations and Appearances, outlining how individuals and interest groups can provide input to the AECB’s decision-making process through written submissions and personal appearances.

Unit 2 at the Pickering B Nuclear Generating Station begins operating.

New regulations come into effect for packaging of radioactive materials. All nuclear substances are now transported in packages that are selected based on the nature, form, and quantity or activity of the substance. There are general design requirements that apply to all package types to ensure that they can be handled safely and easily, secured properly, and are able to withstand routine conditions of transport.

All nuclear weapons are removed from Canadian territory.

The Bruce Heavy Water Plant is shut down and all hydrogen sulphide is removed and stored. The plant is placed in a safe mothballed state and its buildings are eventually demolished between 1993 and 1995. (Source: CNSC)

Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station is declared the most reliable multi-unit nuclear station in the world. All four units of the station finish the year with capacity factors greater than 90%. (Source: Bruce Power)

The first of four nuclear reactors (Unit 2) at the Bruce B Nuclear Generating Station begins operating ("goes critical"). The station – located on the same site as the Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station in Kincardine, Ontario – has four reactors that are all operating by 1987.

As the first Bruce B nuclear generating station is prepared to begin operation, the Douglas Point facility is retired after 17 years of service, with its prototype reactor permanently shut down and placed in an interim safe and sustainable shutdown state (storage with surveillance). (Source: Bruce Power)

At 12:04 a.m., Unit 6 of the Bruce A Nuclear Generating Stations begins operating. It is declared in service on June 26.

Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. announces that it is discontinuing the production of heavy water at the Glace Bay and Port Hawkesbury plants; the licences for these plants are subsequently revoked.

As part of ongoing efforts to make its operations more transparent to Canadians, the AECB announces that its minutes to formal meetings will be made public.

Canada and Romania signs a deal that enables Romania to purchase five CANDU reactors. Canada also provides funds so that Romania can procure services for regulatory licensing. Romanians also come to Canada for training. In response to a request to have someone come live in Romania to assist with licensing of the first unit, Canada sends an advisor, Garry Schwarz, to the Romanian regulator. Schwarz assists with the establishment of a regulatory office and is involved in all aspects of it – reviewing the changes to design to bring all aspects of regulatory activity pertaining to building the project up-to-date.

With the entry into operation of a new SLOWPOKE nuclear research reactor at the commissioned at the Royal Military College in Kingston, Ontario, it brings the number to eight such facilities at Canadian universities. There are three are in Ontario, two in Quebec, and one each in Nova Scotia and Alberta, as well as one at the Saskatchewan Research Council in Saskatoon and the AECL Radiochemical Company facility in Kanata, Ontario.

A power increase in the Chernobyl nuclear plant leads to explosions in the core of one of the reactors. Considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history, 31 people are killed immediately and people within a 30-kilometre radius are evacuated. In Canada, the nuclear industry responds by creating the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) in 1989. WANO's goal is to maximize the safety and reliability of the operation of nuclear power plants by exchanging information and encouraging communication, comparison and emulation among its members. (Source: Bruce Power)

Proposed general amendments to the Atomic Energy Control Regulations are released for public comment. These are the first major amendments in more than a decade. They propose changes to radiation protection provisions and a new a new dose limitation suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

The Atomic Energy Control Board marks its fortieth anniversary.

The CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) nuclear reactor is voted as one as of Canada's top 10 engineering achievements over the last 100 years. Bruce Nuclear Power Development is now the largest nuclear site in the world. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

In response to the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the AECB submits a report to the federal government concluding that the accident had not revealed any significant new information that would result in changes to safety requirements for CANDU reactors. hat The stufy also found that all important aspects of the accident and its causes had already been considered by the AECB in the licensing process for Canadian power reactors.

The Nuclear Power Demonstration reactor in Rolphton, Ontario is permanently shut down and placed into an interim safe and sustainable shutdown phase (storage with surveillance). After the shutdown, heavy water is drained and shipped off site, the reactor is defueled and decontamination activities are completed. (Source: Bruce Power)

Following the departure of Jon Jennekens, who accepted a position as Deputy Director General, Safeguards, with the International Atomic Energy Agency, Dr. R.J.A. Lévesque becomes President of the AECB and serves until 1993.

Saskatchewan's McArthur River uranium deposit is discovered; ore grades are approximately 100 times the world average.

Performance data from Nucleonics Week magazine places seven CANDU reactors – including Units 3, 4, 6 and 7 of the Bruce nuclear facility – in the top 10 reactors worldwide. Twelve CANDU reactors are in the top 30. In 1988, the Hare Commission releases its “Ontario Nuclear Safety Review” and concludes that "Ontario Hydro's reactors are being operated safely and at high standards of technical performance." (Source: Bruce Power)

The Bruce nuclear facility hosts a cooperative education program for secondary students in partnership with the Bruce County Board of Education and the Bruce–Grey Roman Catholic Separate School Board. The program continues to be offered.

Ontario Hydro is charged and fined for overexposing Pickering workers to radiation. This is the first and only such litigation and fines imposed on a power reactor utility under the old Atomic Energy Control Act.

The Atomic Energy Control Board Laboratory is officially opened at its new home at the Health Protection Building in Tunney's Pasture in Ottawa, Ontario. It is divided into two sections: the radiochemistry section, which is responsible for sample analysis, and the electronics section, which is responsible for the maintenance of all field instrumentation.

The first reactor (Unit 2) of the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station in Ontario begins operating. The remaining three reactors would all be operational by 1993.

In keeping with efforts to become more transparent about its activities, between June and December 1990 the AECB held public information meetings in Saint John, New Brunswick; Ontario's Bruce Township; Bécancour, Quebec; Wollaston Lake, Saskatchewan; and Newcastle, Ontario.

In the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor meltdown, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Energy Agency (of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) lead the development of the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) as a communication tool to inform a broad audience of the relative severity of nuclear and radiological events and their safety significance.

Jon Jennekens, former President of the AECB, is presented with the Ian McRae Award of Merit by the Canadian Nuclear Association. The award recognizes individuals for outstanding contributions (other than scientific) to nuclear energy in Canada.

The AECB receives approval from the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat to establish a training unit to provide regulatory training and assistance to foreign nuclear regulatory agencies. It will also be responsible for training AECB staff.

After running it on highly enriched uranium since 1964, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. converts the National Research Universal reactor to operate with low-enriched uranium fuel.

Ontario Hydro's Board of Directors approves a rehabilitation project for Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station; the aim is to restore plant equipment and systems in a manner that will take the plant to the end of its projected life with a capacity factor target of 85%. Work begins and includes a new Technical Building, an Amenities Building and a Water Treatment Plant. (Source: Bruce Power)

The AECB opens an office in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The move to Saskatoon is prompted by an increasing workload with uranium mines in Saskatchewan.

The National Research Experimental (NRX) reactor is permanently shut down after 250,000 operating hours. The NRX opened in 1945.

The AECB hires a media relations officer and makes subject matter specialists available for interviews rather than funneling information through communications staff spokespersons.

The commissioning of DUALSPEC is completed, representing the inauguration of the Canadian neutron beam user progam. Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and McMaster University had partnered to build two neutron beam lines at the NRU reactor in Chalk River, known as DUALSPEC. This partnership represents the maturing of neutron beams as tools for use by a wide Canadian research community.

Parliament passes the Canadian Environment Assessment Act.

By the beginning of 1993, there are 22 nuclear reactors in Canada, located in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick.

At the beginning of 1993, all eight reactors of the Bruce nuclear facilities are online, operating alongside the rest of Ontario Hydro's nuclear fleet.

The AECB approves a new compliance enforcement policy. The objective is to establish a basis for AECB procedures and criteria to ensure that a comprehensive compliance program is in place, and that AECB enforcement of it is uniformly applied in a vigorous, fair, predictable and timely manner.

As part of its ongoing and growing commitment to be more open with Canadians about its operations, the AECB produces and releases a video called Radiation and Our Environment. The 21-minute video is a plain language look at the nature of radiation, its sources, uses, and health implications.

The AECB moves to its new location at 280 Slater Street in Ottawa. The August 12 AECB meeting would be the last one held at the Martel Building, at 270 Albert Street.

The AECB publishes Simulator-Based Testing of Power Control Room Operators and Shift Supervisors Standard, accompanied by training sessions.

Canada’s Cold War Museum – known as the Deifenbunker after Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, was built in the late 1950s during the height of the Cold War as an emergency hideaway for political leaders in the event of a nuclear attack. By 1994, the Cold War had thawed into neutrality with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The museum opened in 1998.

The AECB establishes a task force to draft regulations that use simple language, minimize cross-referencing and reflect the industry's high standards for security and safety standards. The purpose is to have regulations that are simpler to apply and enable more effective monitoring for compliance.

Dr. Agnes J. Bishop is appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the AECB. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien says, "By appointing a highly respected physician to the position, the government is emphasizing its commitment to health and safety. The AECB is an important regulatory Board for all Canadians. We look to Dr. Bishop for leadership in ensuring that the use of nuclear energy does not pose an undue risk to health, safety, security and the environment."

AECB President and CEO Dr. Agnes Bishop signs the Nuclear Safety Convention on behalf of the Government of Canada. André Ouellette, Minister of Foreign Affairs, says, “I’m proud to say that Canada was the first country to sign the Convention. I call on all states to sign this document soon and to bring it into force. The Nuclear Safety Convention will provide an important international forum to promote the safety and effective regulation of nuclear facilities.”

The Pickering-7 reactor, a unit at Pickering B Nuclear Generating Station, sets a world record for 893 days of continuous operation.

Canadian nuclear physicist Bertram N. Brockhouse shares the Nobel Prize in Physics with American physicist Clifford Shull for the development of neutron spectroscopy.

The Uranium and Thorium Mining Regulations are amended, requiring proponents and operators of uranium mining facilities to provide sureties (financial assurances) to fund decommissioning of their facilities and to authorize the AECB to direct decommissioning of these facilities.

The Nuclear Cooperation Agreement (NCA) between Canada and China is required before significant trade in nuclear materials and technology between the two countries can take place, particularly materials connected to the nuclear fuel cycle. The NCA provides legally binding assurances that exports will not be diverted for nuclear explosives purposes.

Unit 2 at Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station experiences a loss-of-coolant accident at 5:30 p.m., which results in the first-ever use of the emergency coolant injection system in a CANDU reactor.

Mining begins at the McClean Lake, Saskatchewan uranium ore body (JEB pit).

The AECB becomes a destination on the information highway during 1995–1996, establishing a Web site on the World Wide Web, which greatly expands the availability of information that lends itself to electronic publishing.

The AECB publishes Regulating Nuclear Fuel Waste, a document designed to help the public understand the important aspects of the management and disposal of nuclear fuel waste. The AECB Reporter writes: "For close to 50 years, this material has been managed more effectively than any other type of hazardous waste produced by man, thanks in part, to a sense of responsibility by the nuclear industry, and regulation by the Control Board."

The AECB participates actively in developing major revisions to the Regulations for Safe Transport of Radioactive Material of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In 1996, Canada has one million packages of radioactive material transported annually by road, rail, sea and air in support of AECB licensees and international trade. During this period, the AECB also contributed to revising the IAEA Regulations on air and sea transport through technical meetings and research programs. In addition, the AECB assisted in developing IAEA databases for accidents and for approved package designs for use internationally. Finally, AECB staff provided expert consultative assistance to the IAEA on regulatory matters.

Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (AECL) sells two CANDU reactors to China, making this the largest contract between the two countries. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

Bill C-23, the Nuclear Safety and Control Act, is tabled before Parliament. When it comes into force in 2000, it replaces the Atomic Energy Control Act (1946) and the name of the Atomic Energy Control Board is changed to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission.

A team of seven nuclear-generation experts from the U.S. is hired by Ontario Hydro to review the utility’s nuclear generation program. On another front, a provincial Advisory Committee on Competition in Ontario's Electricity System recommends that Ontario Hydro be broken up, with the fossil and hydroelectric stations privatized (with the exception of the Sir Adam Beck plants), and the nuclear plants, including Bruce, kept in public ownership. It further recommends a competitive generation market by January 1, 1999.

Rio Algom’s Stanleigh Mine in Elliot Lake, Ontario, ceases all production activities.

On the occasion of its 50th anniversary, AECB President A.J. Bishop points out that the AECB is the oldest independent nuclear regulatory agency in the world and says “… it is gratifying to report once again that the work of the Board and its staff has been effective in the interests of worker and public health, safety and security, and environmental protection.”

Saskatchewan's McArthur River uranium deposit is approved for development by provincial and federal governments, and the AECB approves its construction licence.

The Nuclear Safety and Control Act receives royal assent and eventually comes into force on July 31, 2000. It replaces the Atomic Energy Control Act with more effective and explicit legislation for regulating the Canadian nuclear industry. The AECB’s mandate on human health and safety matters is expanded to include environmental protection that requires additional reporting from Bruce and other nuclear facilities in Canada.

Ownership of the neutron beam laboratory at CRL is transferred from AECL to the National Research Council (NRC). This transfer would allow AECL to focus on CANDU-related research, while the NRC would operate the neutron beam laboratory as a scientific service to Canadian researchers – this resource is known today as the NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre.

Between April 7 and April 17, an Independent Integrated Performance Assessment (IIPA) team from the U.S. performs an assessment of operations at Bruce and finds “minimally acceptable results” in several areas. Following its review, Ottawa Hydro establishes an extensive recovery program, which involves temporary shutdown over the next few years of Pickering A and Bruce A nuclear reactors.

Ontario Hydro places all Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station reactors in an approved shutdown state because modifications to the reactors' shutdown systems required by the operating licence have not been completed.

AECB staff develop a plan for the systematic review of Ontario Hydro's multi-year nuclear asset optimization plan and continue to develop standards and licensing plans for evaluating the safety performance of power reactors.

The International Atomic Energy Agency approves the use of a new generation of radiation monitoring equipment. The heart of this equipment is the Autonomous Data Acquisition Module, which is versatile enough to accept many different detectors. The first application of this technology is a new generation of bundle counters for CANDU reactors.

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory officially opens. The observatory is a unique neutrino telescope that uses heavy water to detect neutrinos from the sun and other astrophysical objects and measure their properties. It is the size of a 10-storey building and is located two kilometres underground.

The AECB Emergency Response plan is implemented and tested in 1999–2000 through emergency simulation exercises involving representatives from international, federal, provincial, regional and municipal organizations, as well as AECB licensees.

Computer concerns are raised as the year 2000, commonly called Y2K, approaches. As many people await the turn of the century with anticipation, there is also much concern about the potential for computer software to fail at the stroke of midnight. The AECB works on verifying that its in-house systems and those of licensees are Y2K compliant.

The Bruce Heavy Water Plant ceases all production and shuts down. All hydrogen sulphide is removed and stored. The Atomic Energy Control Board and the Ministry of the Environment grant approval to dispose of the hydrogen sulphide by controlled flaring, which is completed by January 1998.

The AECB prepares the Canadian National Report for the Convention on Nuclear Safety on behalf of Canada; this fulfills part of Canada's obligations as a signatory of the Convention on Nuclear Safety coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) join with Canadian universities industry to hold a national workshop to discuss a proposal for the Canadian Neutron Facility, new reactor-based facility for materials research.

The Government of Canada announces the shutdown of Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.’s research operations at the Whiteshell facility.

The AECB approves an operating licence for Cameco's McArthur River uranium deposit.

An operating licence is issued for Areva's McClean Lake Mill and Tailings Management Facility in northern Saskatchewan.

The AECB President acknowledges the successful transition into the new millennium.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) is formed under the new Nuclear Safety and Control Act. It replaces the Atomic Energy Control Board, Canada's nuclear regulator for more than 50 years.

The CNSC implements its Contaminated Lands Evaluation and Assessment (CLEAN) program. The program aims to develop and apply consistent and transparent CNSC regulatory control to sites where nuclear substances exceed the exemption quantities specified in the Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices Regulations. The Commission Tribunal grants temporary exemptions from licensing for all identified contaminated sites until the appropriate regulatory control for those sites is determined.

The Government of Canada launches the Port Hope Area Initiative, a community-initiated project to clean and safely manage low-level radioactive waste in the Port Hope community. The waste resulted from radium and uranium refining that took place from the 1930s to the 1960s.

Ms. Linda J. Keen is appointed President of the CNSC; she serves in this role until January 15, 2008 and as a Commission Tribunal member until September 23, 2008. She was previously Assistant Deputy Minister of the Minerals and Metals Sector with Natural Resources Canada and a Director General at Industry Canada.

The CNSC establishes and begins to implement a framework to manage and monitor international undertakings. The framework will help ensure that international undertakings and activities correspond to the CNSC mandate, and that they are prioritized and performed effectively and efficiently.

With the Nuclear Safety and Control Act coming into force, Canada's nuclear regulator, the CNSC, assumes enhanced regulatory power to protect the environment. In 2000–2001, a key step in enhancing environmental protection involves establishing a firm regulatory foundation. A regulatory policy, Protection of the Environment (P-223), is finalized in February 2001 to clarify the CNSC's expectations of licensees.

The Office of Regulatory Affairs is created to enhance the CNSC’s effectiveness and efficiency, and the Office of International Affairs is created to strengthen the CNSC's international nuclear non-proliferation and safeguards activities.

Researchers at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory announce the first official results of their experiment: The type of neutrinos created in the sun have a mass and can change from one variety to another in their journey to Earth.

The CNSC restructures its Secretariat and separates it from the CNSC staff organization in order to improve the independence of and support for the Commission Tribunal.

The Commission Tribunal issues an emergency order to all nuclear reactor facilities to increase their security. Major nuclear facilities are immediately instructed by the CNSC to initiate enhanced security measures at their sites including perimeter security and armed guards. The Nuclear Security Regulations are subsequently enacted in 2003.

The CANDU Owners Group declares Units 6 and 7 of the Bruce B Nuclear Generating Station the top performing CANDU reactors in the world for the previous year's production. On May 1, Ontario's electricity market opens to competition. British Energy begins to divest its North American assets, which provides an opportunity for TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. and BPC Generation Infrastructure Trust to join Cameco, the Power Workers' Union and The Society of Energy Professionals in a revised Canadian-based Bruce Power partnership. Ontario Energy Minister John Baird visits Bruce Power to tour the site and officially open the Huron Wind farm.

After 22 years of mining, Saskatchewan's Cluff Lake operation ceases operation with a total production of 136.4 million kilograms.

The Nuclear Power Demonstration reactor is designated a provincial heritage site by the Ontario Heritage Foundation.

The CNSC launches its first Government On-Line service, enabling 300 Canadian hospitals and clinics in the nuclear medicine community to conduct business with the CNSC electronically.

The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) is established under the Nuclear Fuel Waste Act to investigate approaches for long-term management of Canada's used nuclear fuel. It will have three years to submit its recommendations to the Government of Canada on a proposed long-term approach.

The scope of the CNSC’s regulatory mandate for nuclear security expands significantly in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S. A comprehensive review of all nuclear facilities is undertaken using a risk-based approach and results in dividing nuclear facilities into three risk-related categories: Category 1, nuclear generating stations and certain research facilities; Category 2, fuel fabrication and radioisotope processing facilities, and uranium refineries and mills; Category 3, hospitals and universities.

The CNSC initiates a project to amend Canada’s Nuclear Non-Proliferation Import and Export Control Regulations. Updated regulations will ensure that a primary statutory mechanism to fulfill Canada’s bilateral and multilateral international commitments on non-proliferation and safeguards is both comprehensive and current.

The CNSC grants a nuclear research and test establishment decommissioning licence to AECL for Whiteshell Laboratories, allowing the facility to be Canada’s first licensed nuclear site to be decommissioned. The licence authorizes the first phase of decommissioning and the continuation of limited research programs.

The CNSC participates in the development and passage of Bill C-4 to amend the Nuclear Safety and Control Act(NSCA) to change the liability for cleanup of contaminated land, and the bill receives royal assent on February 13. Revisions to the Packaging and Transport of Nuclear Substances Regulations and Nuclear Security Regulations also progress significantly during the reporting period. CNSC staff continues to review the NSCA to ensure the ability to respond to security challenges.

CNSC President Linda J. Keen is elected President of the International Nuclear Regulators Association. (Source: CNSC)

TThe CNSC submits its first national report to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management. Canadian spent fuel and radioactive waste activities not only meet the requirements of the Joint Convention but are acknowledged and commended by contracting parties. Canada’s participation contributes to the safe management of global spent fuel and radioactive waste.

CNSC President Keen is appointed to the U.S.–Canada Power System Outage Task Force, which investigates causes of the August 14 blackout and makes recommendations for preventing similar situations in the future. (Source: CNSC)

Through its Directorate of Nuclear Substances Regulation, CNSC staff produce the DNSR Task Force on Regulatory Review of Field Operations, Final Report, which leads to significant changes in the regulation of sealed nuclear sources.

Unit 4 of Pickering A Nuclear Generating Station begins operations. This is the first of four reactors laid up in 1997 to return to service. (Source: Bruce Power)

The CNSC and Environment Canada sign a Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to collaborate on environmental regulation of nuclear facilities. This agreement is created to minimize regulatory duplication and to comply with a federal policy requiring departments to coordinate activities.

The CNSC proposes amendments to the Nuclear Security Regulations to strengthen the overall security at nuclear facilities. Canadians, as well as the international community, can be assured that Canadian nuclear facilities and nuclear substances are well protected, in accordance with international physical protection practices and standards recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Amendments to the Packaging and Transport of Nuclear Substances Regulations (PTNSR) and the General Nuclear Safety and Control Regulations (GNSCR) are approved. The amendments update PTNSR references to IAEA regulations and introduce new packaging requirements.

The International Atomic Energy Agency publishes the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources , establishing guidance requirements for a harmonized national and international system of control over safety and security of radioactive sources. Canada is among the first countries to commit to implementing this Code, which the CNSC participated in developing.

The CNSC grants a licensing exemption to approximately 80 idle uranium mines throughout Saskatchewan, Ontario and the Northwest Territories that are administered under federal mining or lands management legislation. These mines did not have milling operations on site. They are therefore similar to conventional mines since they have no associated uranium tailings.

The CNSC initiates the Power Regulation Improvement Program (PRRIP) to ensure a power reactor regulation program that delivers the best possible performance for licensees and the public. The PRRIP will achieve this by examining and improving all relevant aspects of the regulation program, from planning and problem-solving to communication and management methods. The program’s goal is to facilitate the CNSC’s management of the risk to public health, safety, security and the environment arising from the operation of nuclear power reactors in Canada.

The CNSC issues a uranium mine decommissioning licence to Cogema Resources Inc. for its Cluff Lake Project in northern Saskatchewan. The licence allows decommissioning of the mining facility, which consists of two underground mines, four open-pit mines, a mill, waste management systems and associated site facilities.

CNSC President Linda J. Keen is elected to lead the Third Review Meeting of the Convention on Nuclear Safety. The 11-day April meeting would send Ms. Keen to IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria. The Convention on Nuclear Safety was established on June 17, 1994. It was developed during a conference on the safety of nuclear power organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Every three years, Review Meetings are held to review reports submitted by contracting parties, as well as the subjects discussed therein. Of the 56 contracting parties, 51 attended this meeting. With India finally depositing its instrument of ratification, all states with nuclear power plants were parties to the convention. As of November 10, 2010, 72 states had signed the Convention while 11 others had not yet ratified it.

The CNSC contributes to the development of the Canadian government position for the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. The CNSC is responsible for the implementation of these Conventions in Canada. (Source: CNSC)

NB Power announces that Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. will refurbish its Point Lepreau Generating Station unit.

The International Atomic Energy Agency reaches a safeguards conclusion for Canada. The IAEA considers that all declared nuclear material in Canada is for peaceful, non-explosive uses. The IAEA also concludes that Canada is compliant with a new requirement in the IAEA’s policy on safeguards – that there is no undeclared nuclear material or activity in Canada.

After three years of study and consultation, the Nuclear Waste Management Organization submits its final report, Choosing a Way Forward, to the Minister of Natural Resources with recommendations and proposed approaches for long-term management of Canada's nuclear fuel waste. (Source: Nuclear Waste Management Office)

The CNSC receives a letter of intent from Ontario Power Generation to prepare a site and construct a deep geologic repository (DGR) to dispose of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste on the Bruce site in Tiverton, Ontario. The DGR would also hold waste from the Bruce, Pickering and Darlington nuclear generating stations. (Source: CNSC)

The CNSC implements the National Sealed Source Registry and online Sealed Source Tracking System, making Canada the first G8 country with such robust registration and tracking controls for high-risk sealed sources. Together, the registry and the tracking system assure the global community of safe, secure international transfers of these sources.

The CNSC publishes an information document entitled Licensing Process for New Nuclear Power Plants in Canada , which provides an overview of this licensing process. There has been much discussion on the need for new nuclear power plants in Canada – particularly in Ontario – to meet the growing demand for electricity. The document outlines the CNSC’s expectations for all stakeholders, with emphasis on the environmental assessment process. It is a precursor to a series of regulatory documents that will need to be developed if new reactor projects are to proceed.

The CNSC opens a site office at Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.’s Chalk River Laboratories to carry out on-site compliance activities, including inspections and audits. The decision to do so was made in 2005, following a risk assessment of the licensee’s activities and the extent of compliance activities required by CNSC staff. This becomes the sixth site office operated by the CNSC at one of Canada’s major nuclear facilities. Site offices enhance the regulator’s ability to deliver on its compliance activities in an effective and efficient manner.

The Nuclear Security Regulations are approved to strengthen the regulatory regime for physical protection of nuclear facilities and nuclear substances in Canada.

The CNSC receives an application from Ontario Power Generation for a licence to prepare a site for the potential construction of a new reactor at its Darlington site in the Municipality of Clarington, Ontario.

The CNSC establishes a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Regulatory Affairs Committee to consult and communicate more effectively with NGOs about nuclear regulatory and policy matters.

The CNSC delivers a comprehensive Canadian Safeguards Support Program, which provides technical support and other resources to enhance the implementation of safeguards by the CNSC and the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The CNSC implements an enhanced import and export control program for high-risk radioactive sealed sources, marking Canada's full compliance with and continued commitment to the International Atomic Energy Agency's Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources.

The Government of Canada's Cabinet Directive on Streamlining Regulation comes into effect, calling for expanded stakeholder consultation on regulatory initiatives. The CNSC responds with initiatives that include higher-profile public consultation activities and an improved public Web site.

The National Research Universal reactor sets a new six-day record for the production of molybdenum-99 (a medical isotope widely used for diagnosing heart diseases), enabling more than a million additional diagnostic scans around the world.

The CNSC initiates the Tritium Studies Project, which involves studies on tritium releases in Canada and international best practices of tritium processing facilities. This research will include a series of seven reports, to be completed by the end 2010, and an analysis of regulatory practices.

Regulations amending certain instruments made under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act (Miscellaneous Program) are approved. These result in amendments to five sets of regulations under the Act and to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Rules of Procedure, to address recommendations from the Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations.

The CNSC discovers a licensing concern related to Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s National Research Universal reactor in Chalk River. The reactor had been shut down for routine maintenance at the time, with plans to restart it on November 22.

Ontario Power Generation (OPG) proposes a Deep Geological Repository (DGR), a long-term nuclear waste facility for low- and medium level waste that would be located at the Bruce nuclear site in the municipality of Kincardine, Ontario. The OPG proposes to construct a deep rock vault in the limestone layer hundreds of metres below ground. Today, both an environmental assessment and a regulatory review are underway for a site preparation and construction licence.

New Brunswick Power begins refurbishing Point Lepreau Generating Station. Prior to the refurbishment, Point Lepreau provided up to 30% of New Brunswick’s electricity.

Dr. Michael Binder is appointed CNSC President.  Dr. Binder has a Ph.D. in physics and previously held senior positions at Industry Canada, the Department of Communications, the Office of the Comptroller General of Canada, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the Ministry of State for Urban Affairs, and the Defence Research Board.

The CNSC resumes full regulatory oversight of Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s National Research Universal reactor. The reactor had been exempted from regulatory control for 120 days after royal assent was granted for Bill C-38 on December 12, 2007.

Various regulations under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act are amended to correct regulatory deficiencies and inconsistencies, to increase protection of workers, the public and the environment, and to adopt the latest international standards for exemption values and clearance levels.

The MAPLE isotope project is abandoned. The project was a new research-reactor technology developed by Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., capable of fuels and materials testing, isotope production, and neutron experimentation. The MAPLE concept featured an H2O-cooled and D2O-reflected core, and would have operated with a thermal power of 5 to 40 MW(th). It offered a high thermal neutron flux, small core volume, and accommodation for multiple beam-tubes and in-core experimental sites, as well as driven spectrum-specific facilities in the reflector (cold-neutron source, fast-neutron flux trap, etc.). Two MAPLE reactors were constructed for isotope production at AECL's Chalk River laboratories, for MDS Nordion, a radiopharmaceutical supplier. These 10-MW(th) reactors were intended to replace the isotope-production capability of AECL's NRU reactor. For a variety of reasons (technical, financial, managerial, political, regulatory), the MAPLE Medical Isotope Reactor (MMIR) project was abandoned on May 16, 2008. The NRU remains in operation as both a research reactor and supplier of medical radioisotopes.

Linda J. Keen is presented with the 2008 Women in Nuclear (WiN) Global Award in Marseilles, France. She receives special recognition for excellence in communications, education, leadership and mentoring in the nuclear sector. Ms. Keen is the first Canadian to receive this award.

The CNSC and AECL announce that Talisman International, LLC has concluded its “lessons learned” report about the circumstances leading to the extended outage of AECL's National Research Universal reactor in late 2007. The report outlines specific recommendations that the CNSC and AECL commit to implement, and the CNSC takes immediate corrective action.

The CNSC receives an application and a project proposal from Strateco Resources Inc., for excavating an underground exploration ramp. Strateco would use the ramp for advanced exploration in developing its uranium mining project on the Matoush claim, located in the Chibougamau Mining District in Quebec.

The Community of Federal Regulators presents the CNSC with a Regulatory Excellence Award in Innovation in recognition of the National Sealed Source Registry and Sealed Source Tracking System. This prestigious award recognizes significant achievements and successful initiatives within Canada's regulatory community.

In the Speech from the Throne, the Government of Canada reinforces an existing commitment to secure Canada's energy future. “… Nuclear energy is a proven technology, capable of reliable, large-scale output.” The speech also commits the Government to “ensure that Canada’s regulatory framework is ready to respond should the provinces choose to advance new nuclear projects.”

Nuclear energy generates over 55% of Ontario's total electricity. (Source: Canadian Nuclear Association)

AREVA submits an application for a licence to construct and operate a uranium mining and milling operation located in the Kivalliq region of Nunavut approximately 80 kilometres west of the community of Baker Lake.

The CNSC exempts five decommissioned satellite mine sites at the Beaverlodge Mine and Mill Site from licensing and releases them into Saskatchewan's Institutional Control Program. This program oversees long-term management of decommissioned mine and mill sites on provincial Crown land to ensure health and safety and protect the environment.

The McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR) first started up on April 4, 1959, and, with today's strong interest and demand in the nuclear energy and medical isotope industries, is more relevant than ever. Over the last half century, MNR established itself as a vital and necessary partner in research circles. Today, the reactor tests the engine turbine blades of the world's commercial aircraft fleet, it analyzes core samples for the mining sector, produces over 60,000 treatments-worth of iodine-125 each year (used in treatment for prostate cancer) and provides students considering careers in nuclear engineering, medical and health physics and other applied radiation sciences a hands-on experience unavailable anywhere else in Canada.

The CNSC releases a report, Understanding Health Studies and Risk Assessments Conducted in the Port Hope Community from the 1950s to the Present, indicating that nuclear industry has not affected the health of Port Hope residents and that they are as healthy as the general population of Ontario and Canada.

The Treasury Board announces $250 million over the next two years to upgrade federal laboratories across the country. The CNSC-related funding sets aside $2 million dollars in 2009–2010, and an additional $1 million dollars in 2010–2011, which will be used to renovate and refit existing vacant laboratory space at the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Limebank Road site in Ottawa. The CNSC Lab was established in 1978 as an independent lab to validate the quality of measurements of levels of radiation taken by licensees as well as to calibrate instruments that CNSC inspectors use to detect contamination. The CNSC had been working on plans to upgrade its lab facilities and, after an exhaustive review of the existing laboratory’s deficiencies, it became clear that additional laboratory space would be needed in order to fulfill CNSC’s regulatory duties. The availability of the NRCan space and the announcement of government funding provided the solution. (Source: CNSC)

The International Atomic Energy Agency's Integrated Regulatory Review Service concludes its Canadian mission to evaluate the CNSC's regulatory practices and compare them to international standards and best practices. The team affirms that the CNSC effectively fulfills its mandate and that Canada has a well-established nuclear regulatory framework. (Source: International Atomic Energy Agency)

The CNSC signs an Administrative Arrangement with its Argentinian counterpart on harmonizing regulatory controls for importing and exporting Category 1 and 2 radioactive sources to ensure safety, security and consistency with International Atomic Energy Agency requirements.

The CNSC and AECL establish a joint protocol for restarting the National Research Universal reactor after the containment vessel is repaired. The protocol establishes the administrative framework, milestones and service standards for licensing activities related to the restart of the NRU reactor.

TRIUMF, Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics, celebrates its 40th anniversary

The CNSC and Ministry of Environment announce the establishment of a Joint Review Panel for the Darlington New Nuclear Power Plant Project in Clarington, Ontario. The panel will consider the Environmental Assessment and the licence application to prepare a site for the proposed project.

In its 2010 budget, the Government of Canada announces its intent to authorize the CNSC to establish a participant funding program for engaging the public, stakeholders and Aboriginal peoples in its hearing process.

Bill C-9 proposes amendments to the environmental assessment process outlined in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, whereby the National Energy Board and the CNSC would take over comprehensive study assessments for large energy projects.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper announces that Canada and the U.S. will cooperate in returning spent inventories of highly enriched uranium, currently at Chalk River Laboratories, to the U.S., where the uranium will be converted into a form that cannot be used in nuclear weapons.

Canada agrees to cooperate with Mexico, the U.S. and the International Atomic Energy Agency to convert the highly enriched uranium fuel in Mexico's research reactor to low-enriched uranium fuel, in order to strengthen non-proliferation and nuclear security.

The CNSC signs an Administrative Arrangement with its Japanese counterpart on harmonizing regulatory controls for importing and exporting Category 1 and 2 radioactive sources in order to ensure safety, security and consistency with International Atomic Energy Agency requirements.

The Royal Military College celebrates the 25th anniversary of its SLOWPOKE reactor. CNSC President Binder attends.

Mahmoud Yadegari is sentenced in the Ontario Court of Justice to 20 months in jail in addition to just over 15 months of pre-sentence custody for attempting to export nuclear-related dual-use devices to Iran; these devices could be used to enrich uranium and make nuclear weapons. Yadegari's arrest took place on April 16, 2009, following a joint investigation led by the RCMP and its U.S. counterparts. This is the first conviction under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act .

The CNSC holds a public hearing on Bruce Power’s application to package and transport 16 steam generators through the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway to Sweden for recycling. Initially non-radioactive, the bus-sized steam generators become contaminated on the inside with low levels of radioactivity during their service life. Through the licensed Swedish facility, the generators would be recycled such that 90% of the metal could be decontaminated and sold as scrap, leaving 10% of the original volume returned to the licensee for storage. The CNSC conducts a thorough environmental review under the NSCA and concludes the shipment to be low risk. However, in light of public concern about the potential impact on health and the environment, the CNSC decides to hold a public hearing to allow the public to be heard before the Commission Tribunal, and to facilitate the presentation of accurate information relating to the health and safety risks of the proposed shipment. Seventy-seven intervenors take part at the hearing. (Source: CNSC)

The 15-month shutdown of the NRU reactor not only resulted in a global shortage of medical isotopes, but it also interrupted access to neutron beams in Canada. Isotope production and neutron beam experiments begin again.

George C. Laurence was a key figure in the development of Canada's nuclear industry. He spent his career studying nuclear physics and developing techniques both to harness nuclear power and to ensure safety standards. Born in Charlottetown in 1905, Laurence studied and worked with Sir Ernest Rutherford in the late 1920s. As Chair of the Reactor Safety Advisory Committee, and subsequently as President of the Atomic Energy Control Board, Laurence's work was fundamental in setting the procedures and practices for safety control at nuclear power plants.

AECL's Zero Energy Deuterium 2 (ZED-2) research reactor is named a historical landmark by the American Nuclear Society. ZED-2 has significantly contributed to Canada's nuclear sector, including to the development of CANDU reactors by providing AECL with the capability to develop and test fuel bundle designs and fuel arrangements, and to simulate various incident scenarios.

Canadian scientists form part of a team to capture antimatter for the first time using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) facilities in Geneva, Switzerland.

CNSC employees and staff from France’s nuclear regulator co-organize an international workshop to improve the assessment of nuclear facilities’ structural robustness against aircraft crashes and other missile impacts. The CNSC is actively involved in a broad range of international activities related to improving the structural robustness of nuclear facilities. Some of these activities include staff involvement in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), and specifically on the OECD NEA’s Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations’ Working Group on Integrity and Aging. CNSC staff are also preparing several papers on IRIS 2010 results. Findings will be presented at the 21st International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 21), which will take place in November 2011 in New Delhi, India.

Sherbrooke, Quebec. New construction of TR-24 cyclotron. This is a premiere in the world. This machine will be the first to produce TC-99m outside a reactor.

The Government of Canada finalizes agreements to invest $35 million in four projects to develop new ways of producing the key medical isotope technetium-99m. This isotope is widely used for medical imaging and accounts for approximately 80 percent of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The projects will result in a more diverse and secure supply of medical isotopes.

The CNSC leads a team of 15 international experts from 12 countries in a peer review of the Romanian nuclear safety regulatory framework and the country’s regulatory authority, the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control.

In January 2007, the Commission Tribunal directed CNSC staff to initiate research studies on tritium releases in Canada, and to study and evaluate tritium processing facilities exercising the best practices around the globe. In response, the CNSC undertook several research projects under the banner of the Tritium Studies Project. The research would expand the body of knowledge on tritium and further enhance regulatory oversight of tritium-related activities in Canada. The Tritium Studies Project Synthesis Report, released on January 31, 2011, summarizes these studies and provides overall conclusions and recommendations. The report updates an earlier version, following a Commission Tribunal request to reflect intervenor comments from a June 2010 Commission Meeting and to expand the explanation for the recommended limit for tritium in groundwater.

The CNSC establishes the Participant Funding Program (PFP) to give members of the public, Aboriginal groups and other stakeholders the opportunity to request funding in support of their participation in the CNSC’s regulatory decision-making process.

The 2009 Annual Report on Uranium Management Activities is the third joint report released by the CNSC and Environment Canada. Similar to the 2008 report, it documents uranium effluent releases from uranium mines and mills and other CNSC-regulated facilities, and reviews management practices related to uranium in effluent within other sectors of the nuclear industry.

The CNSC and Canadian Light Source Inc. (CLSI) sign a protocol for the Non-reactor-based Isotope Supply Contribution Program. The program involves efforts by the Government of Canada to diversify Canada’s supply sources of medical isotopes. Through the protocol, the CNSC has oversight of the CLSI’s proposed activities to produce, without using a nuclear reactor, molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) and then process the Mo-99 to yield the daughter medical isotope technetium-99.

An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale strikes Japan. Thousands of people lose their lives in the earthquake and resulting tsunami. At the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, the earthquake causes severe damage to the reactors. The 15-metre tsunami – twice the height of any previously recorded in the region – also knocks out generators powering the cooling systems of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station . People are evacuated 20 kilometres from the site. Heat and pressure build up in the reactors and lead to explosions and leaks. To cool the reactors and spent fuel storage pools, nuclear energy and emergency workers drop sea water and then fresh water on the reactors, install diesel generators, and seek ways to prevent this water, now contaminated, from flowing into the sea. Japan rates the nuclear power station event as level 7 on the International Nuclear and Radialogical Events scale – the highest level and only once previously recorded at Chernobyl in 1986. While cooling efforts gradually see results, the area surrounding the plant remains highly toxic. Radioactivity levels are also monitored elsewhere in Japan and around the world. (Source: CNSC)

Following the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that strike Japan and lead to a nuclear crisis, the CNSC draws on its staff’s scientific, technical and communications expertise to report daily to Canadians on the situation and on different aspects of radiation and the safety of Canada’s nuclear power plants (NPPs). The CNSC also requests that all NPP operators in Canada review initial lessons learned from the earthquake and re-examine NPP safety cases. The operators are asked to focus on external hazards such as seismic, flooding, fire and extreme weather events; measures to prevent and mitigate severe accidents; and emergency preparedness; and to report on how they plan to address any significant gaps. Specialists from Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. and the CNSC also join the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Fukushima Accident Coordination Team. (Source: CNSC)

The Joint Review Panel, an independent body mandated by the federal Minister of Environment and the CNSC, holds a public hearing on the Environmental Impact Statement and the Licence to Prepare Site application from Ontario Power Generation (OPG) for the Darlington New Nuclear Power Plant. OPG proposes having up to four Class 1 nuclear power generating facilities to produce close to 4,800 megawatts, near the current Darlington plant. If approved, it will be the first new nuclear power plant in Canada since the 1990s. A total of 263 intervenors register for the hearing and provide submissions and presentations. The Panel requests a total of 78 “undertakings” (clarification or additional information), including 29 from the CNSC. (Source: CNSC)

Bruce Power decides to delay shipments of 16 used steam generators to Sweden for recycling. The CNSC had issued a transport licence to Bruce Power on February 4, 2011, which is valid for one year. The company says the delay is to allow further discussions with First Nations, Métis and others seeking additional information and does not set a date for the shipment. Just weeks earlier, on March 7, the Canadian Environmental Law Association and Sierra Club of Canada had filed applications with the Federal Court of Canada for a judicial review of the decision to issue the licence. The licence will remain in effect unless the Federal Court rules otherwise..

Following public hearings held in September 2010, the CNSC issues a transport licence to Bruce Power for the shipping of 16 used steam generators to Sweden for recycling. Many people and organizations had expressed concern over potential hazards to the environment and health over the shipment, to be routed through the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway. The Commission Tribunal considered recommendations and submissions from CNSC staff, Bruce Power and 77 intervenors that it received during and prior to the hearings and an additional 32 participant submissions afterward. In issuing its decision, the Tribunal says that the risk to health and safety of the public and the environment is negligible and that it is satisfied that Bruce Power is qualified to carry out the activities permitted under the licence and certificate and that the company will take adequate provisions to protect the environment, health and safety of persons.

The 5th Review Meeting of the Convention on Nuclear Safety (the Convention) is held in Vienna from April 4 to 14. The Convention was adopted in Vienna on June 17, 1994, as the result of considerable work by governments, national nuclear safety authorities and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), following the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Convention aims to achieve and maintain a high level of nuclear safety worldwide, establish and maintain effective defences in nuclear installations against potential radiological hazards, and prevent accidents with radiological consequences. The Convention entered into force on October 24, 1996, and as of June 21, 2010, there were 65 signatories to the Convention and 71 parties. All countries with operating nuclear power plants are now parties to the Convention.

Following a March 30, 2011 Commission Tribunal meeting, the CNSC announces the establishment of an operational task force to evaluate the operational, technical and regulatory implications of the March 11, 2011 nuclear event in Japan in relation to Canadian nuclear power plants. The task force comprises senior CNSC experts in reactor design, safety assessment, and emergency preparedness and response.

It is exactly 25 years since the disastrous accident at Chernobyl. It was an incident that affected not just Ukraine, Belarus and Russia but the whole world, changing not just the communities involved but attitudes to nuclear power on a global scale. International radiation standards, strategies for improving the nuclear engineering process, safety standards and procedures and processes for managing nuclear waste all came under review after the incident. Now, a quarter of a century later, the time has come to evaluate those radiation safety measures, examine what can be learned from any shortcomings and outline an action plan for the future..

In 2009, the CNSC received $3 million in new laboratory funding as part of the Government of Canada’s stimulus package. The funding was used to renovate and refit existing vacant laboratory space at the National Resources Canada Limebank Road site in Ottawa. The first phase of the upgrade, including the laboratory design, construction and renovation and the purchase and installation of new equipment, is complete. Staff moved in at the end of December 2010. The modernized laboratory substantially enhances the CNSC’s capability to verify licensee compliance programs, such as radiation protection, environmental protection, safeguards and emergency preparedness. Being able to respond quickly and to independently assess licensee environmental and radiation protection performance means better oversight. A more rigorous radiation detection calibration program means CNSC inspectors are better equipped. Ultimately, the new laboratory means enhanced protection for nuclear energy workers, the public and the environment. The new laboratory also means the CNSC can work with universities, national and international laboratories, and other government laboratories to provide research and training opportunities for students and scientists working in areas of nuclear and radiological safety and security.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission launched both English and French Facebook pages as part of its commitment to making sure that Canadians have access to the in-depth information they need about the safety of nuclear activities and facilities in Canada. The CNSC's Facebook page will provide the latest news, photos, events and timely special features about nuclear safety in Canada.

On December 9, 2011, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) completed its follow-up assessment of Canada’s nuclear regulatory framework. Among other observations, the Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) mission concluded that the CNSC’s actions in response to the March 2011 events at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station was prompt, robust and comprehensive, and was identified as a good practice that should be used other regulatory bodies.

The Honourable Joe Oliver, Minister of Natural Resources, announced the appointment of Ms. Rumina Velshi to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Ms. Velshi has been appointed a permanent CNSC member for a term of five years. She will serve on the seven-member Commission Tribunal, which makes decisions on nuclear regulatory matters including the licensing of major nuclear facilities.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the successful completion of negotiations between Canada and China on an agreement that will facilitate increased exports of Canadian uranium to China. The Protocol is a legally binding instrument to supplement the 1994 Agreement that will govern and facilitate the export of Canadian uranium to China, supporting China’s energy needs and Canada’s long-term economic interests. As the Protocol is in full accordance with Canada’s longstanding nuclear non-proliferation policies and obligations, it will ensure that Canadian supplied uranium is being used in China’s nuclear program strictly for peaceful, civilian purposes.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Republic of Korea’s Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, to strengthen safety standards through technical co-operation and information exchange in nuclear regulatory matters. This is the first MoU with the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. The agreement will enhance the existing nuclear co-operation between our two countries.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission signed an arrangement for co-operation and the exchange of technical information in nuclear regulatory matters with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This arrangement concerns areas such as standards for health safety, security, safeguards, and the protection of the environment with respect to nuclear facilities and fissionable and radioactive substances.

On June 4, 1962, the Nuclear Power Demonstration (NPD) reactor near Rolphton, Ontario, started supplying electricity to the power grid. This marked an important milestone: that of the first distribution of electricity generated by a CANDU nuclear power station. The CANDU reactor continues to evolve and other CANDU designs have been created. Recently, the CNSC completed phase 2 of the pre-licensing vendor design review for the EC6 (enhanced CANDU). The CNSC also examined the ACR-1000 design (advanced CANDU reactor) and completed phase 3 of the design review at the end of 2010.

The Joint Review Panel (JRP) of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to issue a Nuclear Power Reactor Site Preparation Licence to Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPG) for its new nuclear power plant project at the Darlington nuclear site for a period of 10 years. In making its decision, the JRP considered information presented at the 17-day public hearing held March 21 to April 8, 2011, in Courtice, Ontario. During this hearing, the JRP received and considered submissions from OPG and 264 intervenors, as well as 14 government departments, including the CNSC.

Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) signed an Administrative Arrangement that will allow Canadian companies to export nuclear items for peaceful uses, in accordance with Canada's nuclear non-proliferation policy.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission announced its decision to issue a licence to Strateco Resources Inc. authorizing the excavation of an exploration ramp and construction of surface buildings and facilities to support the Matoush Underground Exploration Project located in the Otish Basin, Quebec.

The CNSC announced its decision to allow New Brunswick Power Nuclear (NBPN) to increase reactor power at the newly-refurbished Point Lepreau Generating Station above 35% of its full capacity. This marked the last significant regulatory milestone before NBPN brings the reactor to full power and normal operation.

The Honourable Joe Oliver, Canada’s Minister of Natural Resources, announced the re-appointment of Dr. Michael Binder as President of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Dr. Binder, who was first appointed to the position in January 2008, was re-appointed for a five-year term.

New Regulated Timelines regulations amended the Class I Nuclear Facilities and Uranium Mines and Mills Regulations to establish 24-month timelines for projects that require the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission’s regulatory review and a Commission decision. The timelines provide more predictable timing of regulatory reviews of applications for licences for new nuclear projects, while continuing to protect the health, safety and security of Canadians and the environment.

The CNSC launched English and French YouTube channels as part of its commitment to making sure that Canadians have access to more information about the safety of Canada’s nuclear activities. The channels host CNSC and other videos about the many facets of the CNSC mandate including material and facilities regulation, environmental protection, emergency preparedness and international commitments.

As part of the Isotope Technology Acceleration Program (ITAP), the Government of Canada has funded three projects, led by the University of Alberta, TRIUMF and Prairie Isotope Production Enterprise, to develop new sources of the key medical isotope technetium-99m (Tc-99m). This funding will support the development and application of cyclotron and linear accelerator production technologies to improve security of supply, reduce radioactive waste and meet nuclear non-proliferation goals. The ITAP was designed to bring innovative isotope production to market and support collaboration among academic, private and public sector partners.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew Ontario Power Generation’s Darlington Waste Management Facility operating licence, for a period of ten years. The licence will be valid from March 13, 2013 until April 30, 2023.

The CNSC and India’s Department of Atomic Energy have finalized an Appropriate Arrangement pursuant to the Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of India for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy. The Nuclear Cooperation Agreement and the Appropriate Arrangement will allow Canadian companies to export nuclear items for peaceful uses, in accordance with Canada’s nuclear non-proliferation policy. They will ensure Canadian exports only go to facilities in India under IAEA safeguards. The Arrangement also establishes the modalities for a Joint Committee between Canada and India that is mandated by the Nuclear Cooperation Agreement to ensure ongoing discussions and information sharing in a number of areas.

From April 8 to 12, the CNSC hosted the International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems. The conference, organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and held in Ottawa, evaluated and assessed ways of further improving the effectiveness of regulatory systems for facilities and activities, taking into account lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident.

The CNSC has signed an administrative arrangement on the harmonization of regulatory controls on the import and export of radioactive sources with the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII). Radioactive sealed sources are important to medical, industrial, agricultural and educational sectors around the world. Some of the large sources covered by this arrangement, such as sources of Cobalt-60, are used to treat cancer and to sterilize food, blood and medical equipment. To date, Canada has signed similar bilateral arrangements with 11 countries.

Following a one day public hearing in Saskatoon, SK, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew for a period of 10 years Cameco Corporation’s Waste Facility Operating Licence for its decommissioned Beaverlodge mine and mill site located in northern Saskatchewan, near Uranium City. The licence will be valid from June 1, 2013 to May 31, 2023.

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to issue a uranium mining licence to Cameco authorizing the construction and operation of its Cigar Lake Project located in northern Saskatchewan.

Following a one-day public hearing in Ottawa (Ontario), the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew École Polytechnique de Montréal’s Safe Low-Power Kritical Experiment (SLOWPOKE-2) non-power reactor operating licence. The 10-year licence will be valid from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2023.

Following a one-day public hearing in Ottawa, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew the University of Alberta’s Safe Low-Power Kritical Experiment (SLOWPOKE-2) non-power reactor operating licence. The 10-year licence will be valid from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2023.

Following a one-day public hearing in Ottawa (Ontario), the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew the Royal Military College of Canada’s Safe Low-Power Kritical Experiment (SLOWPOKE-2) non-power reactor operating licence. The 10-year licence will be valid from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2023.

Following a one-day public hearing in Ottawa (Ontario), the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew the Saskatchewan Research Council’s Safe Low-Power Kritical Experiment (SLOWPOKE-2) non-power reactor operating licence. The 10-year licence will be valid from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2023.

Following a two-day public hearing process in Ottawa, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew Ontario Power Generation Inc.’s power reactor operating licence for the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station. The licence will be valid from September 1, 2013 until August 31, 2018.

Following a public hearing held in La Ronge, SK from October 1 to 3, 2013, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to renew its uranium mine and mill operating licences for Cameco’s Key Lake, McArthur River and Rabbit Lake operations located in northern Saskatchewan. The 10-year licences will be valid from November 1, 2013 until October 31, 2023.

The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) released their 2014 Nuclear Materials Security Index. Canada significantly improved its standing, scoring second-place overall based on its improved transportation regulations, and the ratification of two international agreements – the 2005 Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism – two key nuclear security-related agreements.

The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) released their 2014 Nuclear Materials Security Index. Canada significantly improved its standing, scoring second-place overall based on its improved transportation regulations, and the ratification of two international agreements – the 2005 Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism – two key nuclear security-related agreements.

CNSC staff co-authored an article entitled “A nuclear forensic method for determining the age of radioactive cobalt sources”, which has been published in Analytical Methods. This study developed a method to determine the age of cobalt-60 sources to be able to identify their origin and history.

The Honourable Joe Oliver, Canada’s Minister of Natural Resources, introduced the Energy Safety and Security Act. This Act has modernized safety and security for Canada’s offshore and nuclear energy industries, ensuring a world-class regulatory system and strengthening safety and environmental protections.

The CNSC released its latest Tritium Studies Project study entitled Environmental Fate of Tritium in Soil and Vegetation. It concludes that levels of organically-bound tritium and tritiated water in soil and vegetation decrease with distance from the facilities and pose no health risks; public doses are extremely low and well below regulatory limits. The CNSC is continuing its research to further advance our knowledge of the behaviour of tritium in the environment.

The CNSC and the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) signed an amended administrative arrangement pursuant to the Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Civil Uses of Atomic Energy Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada. The administrative arrangement provides further clarity on the exchange of information between the CNSC and the USDOE, allowing for the continued transfer of nuclear items for peaceful uses, in accordance with Canada’s nuclear non-proliferation policy.

The CNSC issued a licence to abandon for Ontario Power Generation’s (OPG) Bruce Heavy Water Plant. OPG can now use the site for other industrial purposes.

The CNSC announced its publication of the new REGDOC-3.5.2, Compliance and Enforcement: Administrative Monetary Penalties. This document details the CNSC’s administrative monetary penalties (AMPs) program. An AMP is a financial penalty imposed by a regulator in response to a violation of a regulatory requirement.

The CNSC announced its decision to issue a licence to abandon to Shield Source Incorporated (SSI) for its gaseous tritium light source processing facility in Peterborough, ON. As of April 1, 2014, SSI is no longer subject to the CNSC’s regulatory requirements. Clean-up and decontamination activities at the facility have been completed and there are no nuclear substances or radiation devices left in the facility.

Former Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB) and Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) President Dr. Agnes Bishop passed away on May 19, 2014. Dr. Agnes J. Bishop was a driving force in both the medical and nuclear community. In 1985, she became the first woman Physician-in-Chief at the Children’s Hospital of Winnipeg. She was also the Head of Pediatrics at St. Boniface General Hospital, and the Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Manitoba, where she specialized in pediatric hematology and oncology. Her vast skill and knowledge in the fields of pediatric hematology and oncology would lead her to become the first woman selected by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada to be its president; however, she declined the position to take on responsibilities as President of the AECB in 1994, and then the CNSC until 2001.

The CNSC published REGDOC-2.5.2, Design of Reactor Facilities: Nuclear Power Plants. REGDOC-2.5.2 establishes a set of comprehensive design requirements that align with accepted national and international codes and practices. This regulatory document also implements recommendations from the CNSC Fukushima Task Force Report, including improved requirements for spent fuel storage, new requirements for mobile equipment, and more comprehensive coverage for design extension conditions.

Michael Binder, President of the CNSC, announced the CNSC’s participation in Exercise Unified Response from May 26 to 28, 2014. Exercise Unified Response was the first national, multi-jurisdictional, nuclear emergency response exercise to be conducted since 1999. It allows the CNSC to evaluate and improve its emergency response capabilities in keeping with its mandate.

The CNSC appeals the Federal Court’s May 14, 2014 judgment regarding the Darlington New Nuclear Power Plant Project proposed by Ontario Power Generation (OPG). In the CNSC’s view, there are aspects of the Federal Court decision that contain errors of law with respect to Court’s interpretation of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the manner in which it reviewed the assessment done by the Joint Review Panel.

Following a public hearing, the CNSC announced its decision to renew McMaster University’s non-power reactor operating licence for the McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR). The licence will be valid from July 1, 2014, until June 30, 2024.

Following a public hearing, the CNSC announced its decision to issue a Class 1B nuclear substance processing facility operating licence to Best Theratronics Ltd. The licence will be valid from July 1, 2014, until June 30, 2019.

The CNSC signs a Northern project agreement for AREVA Resources Canada Inc.’s Kiggavik Uranium Mine Project in Nunavut. The Kiggavik Project is a proposed uranium mining and milling operation located in the Kivalliq region of Nunavut, approximately 80 km west of the community of Baker Lake.

The Government of Canada pre-distributes potassium iodide pills to homes and businesses within 10 km of nuclear facilities, as newly required by the CNSC. Potassium iodide pills – often referred to as KI pills – are used to protect your thyroid gland from radioactive iodine that could be released into the air during a nuclear radiological emergency. KI pills are a protective tool used during an emergency; however, not all countries distribute KI pills the same way.

The CNSC welcomes the coming into force of the Nuclear Cooperation Agreement with the Republic of Kazakhstan, following the exchange of diplomatic notes between the two countries. With this step, the administrative arrangement between the CNSC and the Committee for Atomic Energy of the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan also comes into effect.

Following a hearing held on September 10, 2014 in Ottawa, Ontario, the CNSC announced its decision to approve the operation of the Bruce Power Nuclear Generating Station (Bruce Power) Bruce B Units 5 and 6 beyond the 210,000 equivalent full power hours (EFPH) threshold. The facility is located in the Municipality of Kincardine, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, ON. The approval authorizes Bruce Power to operate the units, on a temporary basis, beyond 210,000 EFPH up to a maximum of 245,000 EFPH.

The Nuclear Waste Management Organization assessed three communities as potential hosts of a deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel.

Following a public hearing held on November 6, 2014 in Ottawa, ON, the CNSC announced its decision on the environmental assessment report (EA report) for the Saskatchewan Research Council’s (SRC) proposed Gunnar Remediation Project. The Commission concluded that the proposed project is not likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects, taking into account mitigation measures identified in the EA report. The CNSC therefore issued a 10-year waste nuclear substance licence to the SRC, valid from January 14, 2015 to November 30, 2024.

It was determined that four communities have the potential to meet the site selection requirements of the adaptive phased management initiative.

To complement existing and ongoing compliance activities, the CNSC implemented its Independent Environmental Monitoring Program (IEMP) to verify that the public and environment around CNSC-regulated nuclear facilities are not adversely affected by releases to the environment. This verification is achieved through independent sampling and analysis by the CNSC. The results from the IEMP confirmed public safety was protected around Bruce A and B Nuclear Generating Stations.

The Honourable Greg Rickford, Canada’s Minister of Natural Resources, announced the Government of Canada’s decision to support the extension of the operations of the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor from October 31, 2016, to March 31, 2018. The NRU is operated by Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., a subsidiary of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.

The CNSC has confirmed that a final investigation by RSB Logistic Inc. revealed the event was caused by a failure in the port’s crane lift system. The transport containers performed as designed, maintained their integrity and prevented the release of uranium hexafluoride. The CNSC is satisfied with RSB Logistic Inc.’s conclusion and now considers this file closed.

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd. (CNL) is licensed by the CNSC to operate Chalk River Laboratories (CRL), located in Chalk River, ON. CNL operates various nuclear services, including the production of medical isotopes, and conducts a wide variety of research programs at the facility. The Independent Environmental Monitoring Program (IEMP) results for 2012 confirmed that the public and the environment around the CRL facilities were safe and that there were no health impacts.

Check out the module to discover how the CNSC makes sure that nuclear activities and the facilities where they take place are safe for Canadians and the environment.

The Honourable Greg Rickford, Canada’s federal Minister of Natural Resources and Minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario, announced that the Energy Safety and Security Act has received royal assent. The legislation enshrines the “polluter pays” principle into law by implementing an absolute liability limit of $1 billion for offshore petroleum and nuclear companies.

Creighton, SK and Schreiber, ON are no longer in the Nuclear Waste Management Organization site selection process.

In 2013, as requested by the Commission, CNSC staff measured the concentrations of tritium in sewage sludge in various municipalities in Ontario (11 in total). This request was in response to concerns raised in 2011 by members of the public during the Commission meeting for SRB Technologies (Canada) Inc.’s (SRB) Annual Status Report on the Safety Performance of the Facility. The report concluded that there were no impacts on public health.

The CNSC signed a MOU with the Office of the Fire Marshal and Emergency Management to help ensure close coordination in the improbable event of a radiological emergency in Ontario.

SRB is licensed by the CNSC to operate the SRB Technologies Inc. nuclear processing facility, located in Pembroke, ON. SRB uses tritium, a nuclear substance, to make self-luminous emergency exit signs, military applications such as landmine markers, watch dials and other safety products not requiring batteries or other external sources of power. The results confirmed that the public and the environment around the SRB site were safe.

The mission reviewed the United Arab Emirates nuclear emergency and response plans for Barakah nuclear power plant.

Following a period of public consultation from August 6, 2014 to October 6, 2014, the CNSC published new regulatory document REGDOC-2.3.3, Periodic Safety Reviews.

The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India and the CNSC have finalized an arrangement for regulatory cooperation.

GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Canada Inc. (GEH-C) is licensed by the CNSC to operate a nuclear fuel fabrication facility (GE), located in Toronto, ON. GEH-C manufactures nuclear fuel bundles for Canada’s nuclear power plants from uranium dioxide (UO2) powder. The IEMP results confirmed that the public and the environment around the facility were safe.

In this video, entitled “Independent Environmental Monitoring Program”, CNSC experts walk you through the new program. Visit the CNSC’s YouTube Channel to watch.

REGDOC-3.5.1, Licensing Process for Class I Nuclear Facilities and Uranium Mines and Mills provides an overview of the licensing process for Class I nuclear facilities and uranium mines and mills in Canada, taking into consideration the requirements of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and associated regulations. This document provides information on the licensing process for all stages of licensing, from initial application to abandonment.

SRB Technologies (Canada) Inc. (SRB) is licensed by the CNSC to operate the SRB Technologies Inc. nuclear processing facility, located in Pembroke, ON. SRB uses tritium, a nuclear substance, to make self-luminous emergency exit signs, military applications such as landmine markers, watch dials and other safety products not requiring batteries or other external sources of power. The IEMP results for both 2013 and 2014 confirm that the public and the environment around the SRB facility site were safe and that there were no health impacts.

The Joint Review Panel (JRP) submitted its report to the federal Minister of the Environment; the report outlines conclusions, rationale and recommendations.

The CNSC launched a new video entitled “Participant Funding Program” that explains how its PFP works, who can apply, when funding is available, and more. Visit the CNSC’s YouTube Channel to watch.

The report for the Joint Convention is on the safety of spent fuel management and on the safety of radioactive waste management.

NIRB submitted a report to the federal Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada outlining its assessment and determination on whether or not the project should proceed.

The CNSC created a Twitter account. Follow us on Twitter!

Following a two-part public hearing, the CNSC announced its decision to renew, as a single licence, the power reactor operating licences for the Bruce A and B Nuclear Generating Stations (NGS) located in the Municipality of Kincardine, ON. The licence will be valid from June 1, 2015 until May 31, 2020.

The CNSC has launched a video entitled “The CNSC’s Hearing Process” that explains how Commission hearings work, how members of the public can get involved, and more. Visit the CNSC’s YouTube Channel to watch.

Ontario Power Generation (OPG) is licensed by the CNSC to operate the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, located on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in the Municipality of Clarington, ON. OPG operates four 881 megawatt CANDU reactors and a Tritium Removal Facility. The IEMP results confirmed that the public and the environment around the facility were safe.

The Honourable Greg Rickford, Canada’s Minister of Natural Resources, announced that the Government of Canada has approved an application by Paladin Energy Ltd., of Australia, for majority ownership of a proposed uranium mine in Newfoundland and Labrador. The proposal is supported by the governments of Newfoundland and Labrador, Saskatchewan and Australia, as well as Canada’s uranium mining sector. Canada welcomes foreign investment in our uranium mining properties under the terms of the Non-Resident Ownership Policy in the Uranium Mining Sector (NROP).

The Honourable Greg Rickford, Canada’s Minister of Natural Resources, announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the United Kingdom (UK) on nuclear energy cooperation. This MOU will help position Canada’s nuclear industry to capture opportunities in the growing UK nuclear energy market.

Following a public hearing, the CNSC announced its decision to renew SRB Technologies (Canada) Inc.’s nuclear substance processing facility operating licence. The licence will be valid from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2022.

The CNSC has published the Packaging and Transport of Nuclear Substances Regulations, 2015 in the Canada Gazette, Part II, and they are now in force. The regulations clarified existing requirements and aligned with revised international regulations to ensure continued safe and efficient transport of nuclear substances. They repeal and replace the previous Packaging and Transport of Nuclear Substances Regulations.

The CNSC has approved the certification of the package designed for the transport of Highly Enriched Uranyl Nitrate Liquid (HEUNL). The Record of Decision was issued on July 10, 2015.

Users can refurbish their own (virtual) nuclear power plants online!

The Study of Consequences of a Hypothetical Severe Nuclear Accident and Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures was done to assess the consequences and possible preventative mitigation of a hypothetical severe nuclear accident in Canada. It addressed concerns raised during public hearings in December 2012 on the environmental assessment for the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station refurbishment project.

The CNSC contributes to the IAEA Director General’s The Fukushima Daiichi Accident report through the work of Executive Vice-President and Chief Regulatory Operations Officer Ramzi Jammal.

The Federal Court of Appeal ruled that the decision rendered by the JRP on the EA met all legal requirements and that the licence issued to OPG on its new power reactor project is valid. The Darlington project is for the site preparation, construction, operation, decommissioning and abandonment of up to four new nuclear reactors at the existing Darlington site to generate approximately 4,800 megawatts of electricity to the Ontario grid.

The Independent Environmental Monitoring Program (IEMP) results for 2014 confirmed that the public and the environment around the McArthur River mine were safe and that there were no health impacts.

The Independent Environmental Monitoring Program (IEMP) results for 2014 confirmed that the public and the environment around the Key Lake mill were safe and that there were no health impacts.

The Study of Consequences of a Hypothetical Severe Nuclear Accident and Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures was done to assess the consequences and possible preventative mitigation of a hypothetical severe nuclear accident in Canada. It addresses concerns raised during public hearings in December 2012 on the environmental assessment for the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station refurbishment project.

Following a public hearing, the CNSC announced its decision to renew Nordion (Canada) Inc.’s nuclear substance processing facility operating licence. The licence will be valid from November 1, 2015 to October 31, 2025.

The findings were presented to the Commission in August 2015 and concluded that Canada’s NPPs operated safely during 2014.

Former Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB) President Dr. Alan Theodore Prince has sadly passed. Dr. Prince was at the helm of the AECB (the CNSC’s predecessor) from 1975 to 1978. Dr. Prince received his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Toronto. He did his doctoral studies at the University of Chicago. After graduation, he worked at the National Research Council in Ottawa and various federal agencies in roles of increasing responsibility before joining the AECB for three years – a deceptively short period of time given the incredible work he did for the organization. During this time The Nuclear Liability Act came into force, the Canadian Safeguards Support Program was initiated, the Nuclear Control and Administration Act was tabled in the House of Commons, and radioactive contamination cleanup initiatives were implemented.

The CNSC took part in the inter-laboratory analysis of organically bound tritium alongside laboratories in Canada, Romania and France. This study describes the results of the inter-laboratory comparison exercise. Although different laboratories used their own analytical methods in the absence of an established standard OBT method, the study showed that the results of OBT inter-comparison samples were consistent among the different laboratories.

CNSC Executive Vice-President and Chief Regulatory Operations Officer, Ramzi Jammal, was elected unanimously by Contracting Parties as President of the 7th Review Meeting of the Convention on Nuclear Safety. He will lead discussions among participating countries on how to improve nuclear safety worldwide.

A team of IAEA experts completed a two-week International Physical Protection Advisory Service mission to review national nuclear security practices in Canada by submitting a preliminary report to the CNSC. The mission reviewed Canada’s nuclear security-related legislative and regulatory regime. The IPPAS team concluded that Canada conducts strong and sustainable nuclear security activities, which were significantly enhanced in recent years.

The municipality of Central Huron has the potential to meet requirements for a deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel.

This video is a high-level overview of how the CNSC regulates Canada’s nuclear sector. Visit the CNSC's YouTube Channel to watch.

The CNSC took part in the study of the determination of hydrazine at Ontario nuclear power plants. From this study, the CNSC has developed and validated a sensitive and accurate method for the environmental monitoring of hydrazine releases in fresh water, which can be used for regulatory compliance and monitoring purposes. The article titled Determination of Hydrazine at Ontario Nuclear Power Plants was published in the Analytical Methods Journal.

The Minister of the Environment and Climate Change extended the time limit for the issuance of the decision statement for the proposed DGR project by ninety days.

The CNSC has published a report highlighting the key research activities it has facilitated and supported over the past year.

In November 2015, Mr. Yukiya Amano, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, extended his congratulations to the CNSC for its 15th anniversary through this video. The CNSC was established in 2000 under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act to replace the Atomic Energy Control Board, which was Canada’s nuclear regulator for more than 50 years.

Following a two-part public hearing, the CNSC announced its decision to renew Ontario Power Generation Inc.’s nuclear power reactor operating licence for the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station located in the Municipality of Clarington, ON. The licence will be valid from January 1, 2016 until November 30, 2025.